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PostPosted: Thu Jun 04, 2009 10:00 pm 
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The reason for the "concern", if you want to call it that, is quite natural. We're NOT the Chinese and they're our economic rivals in the pursuit of natural resources and markets. They also have political goals that they pursue with their trade and aid policies that are antithetical to those pursued by the US.

Sorry, Pro, but I am having a hard time agreeing with this. China now owns between 20-25% of the US debt. They are not our "rivals", we (the US) are their biggest customers. If their "trade and aid policies are antithetical to those pursued by the US" then why are we so deeply in bed with them?

Forget any "trade war" ideas we might have concerning the Chinese. We already lost that battle by default!

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PostPosted: Thu Jun 04, 2009 11:49 pm 
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I think that good Brother Prolijo meant not in place of now in paragraph 3, talking about democracy in Taiwan, a rare error for him.
Talking about shanghaiing Chinese workers tickles my admittedly aberrant sense of humor.
Now about Chinese basing rights in Venezuela--a marriage made in Heaven for both parties. Venezuela ( Chavez) is desperate for foreign currency infusions; with the worldwide collapse in oil prices, his regime, his very legitimacy, his Latin especially Northern SA ambitions are very threatened and the Chinese need for both a steady supply of oil (as fuel and as chemical feedstocks) and basing rights/ fuel supply point for its burgeoning cross-Pacific "blue-water Navy" ambitions argues in favor of doing some kind of deal before decade's end. The Putin plate is full at present restraining the nascent NATO containment and and re-introducing full authoritarianism to Mother Russia, and is not so concerned at present with extra-Continental matters. Another thing: the USD is the world reserve currency which means commodities and oil are priced worldwide in greenbacks--the Chinese would dearly love to replace and have been increasingly vocal about replacing that with their currency the renminbi. A serious Venezualan-Chinese "Special Relationship" would go a long way to realizing that long-term ambition. Don't forget the Chinese always think long term, in decades if necessary. Don't mean this to be a dialogue but I was asked--have we lost everybody?

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PostPosted: Fri Jun 05, 2009 10:55 am 
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doesn't venezuela have a type of crude that currently can only be processed at a few refineries?

and we have all if not most of the refineries for their thick crude?

i remember years ago picking up tankers of crude that we took to the exxon refinery in baton rouge.

so, do we not have a kind of love/hate relationship as far as their oil production?

we're stuck with each other?

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PostPosted: Fri Jun 05, 2009 11:28 am 
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And what exactly does this have to do with the New Stadium which was the original thread not the political thread as it has now become.

GENTLEMEN Keep it on topic or not at all...

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PostPosted: Fri Jun 05, 2009 12:07 pm 
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Pacifica55 wrote:
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The reason for the "concern", if you want to call it that, is quite natural. We're NOT the Chinese and they're our economic rivals in the pursuit of natural resources and markets. They also have political goals that they pursue with their trade and aid policies that are antithetical to those pursued by the US.

Sorry, Pro, but I am having a hard time agreeing with this. China now owns between 20-25% of the US debt. They are not our "rivals", we (the US) are their biggest customers. If their "trade and aid policies are antithetical to those pursued by the US" then why are we so deeply in bed with them?

Forget any "trade war" ideas we might have concerning the Chinese. We already lost that battle by default!
We're so deeply in bed with them because our individual purchases usually are based on our wallets and not on any deep thinking about global politics.The fact that we're inextricably tied to China because we owe them so much money does make us a partner of sorts, but that does not mean that there is any great love affair going on. Do you love or resent a loan shark? China may not charge us loan shark rates, but we still don't really enjoy owing them as much as we do or seeing that money go to some of the things it does. We're their biggest customers because: a) their lax labor and environmental laws allows them to produce goods more cheaply than we can domesticly and b) they fix the value of their currency artificially low rather than allowing it to float to what the natural market would cause it to be (thus making their exports seem even cheaper for us AND making our products artificially too expensive to sell in their country). Do you think the textile, steel, agriculture and other industries in the US (not too mention all their workers) that lose out market share to China regard that country as a "friend" or a rival? Do you think ALL of us will regard China as a "friend" or a rival this summer, when gas prices go back up mostly because of increasing demand by the growing economy of China (and India) and because they've used the dollars we've sent them for cheap clothing and other similar goods to secure primary access rights to the sources of oil?

And if they're not acting antithetically to our foreign policies than why are they blocking sanctions against Iran's nuclear weapons programs (Oil), investing in Sudan rather than pressuring them on Darfur (Oil), supporting the brutal regime in the Congo (Oil, Copper & Cobalt) and is the sole defender and supporter of North Korea and its nuclear weapon expansion (and potential sales to terrorist groups and rogue nations), blocking stronger sanctions on them (for fear of a refugee crisis spilling over its border)?

The Congo situation is a humanitarian disaster just waiting to be discovered by the world press. The Kabila regime maintains its power through the mass rape and murder of its political opponents. Congolese army regulars, along with Rwandan Hutus living in the eastern Congo, have slaughtered 100's of thousands of Tutsis. After a 5 year civil war that killed an estimated 3-4 MILLION lives, the ongoing conflict and humanitarian crisis still kills 45,000 people in Congo every MONTH. And the fighting has led to up to a MILLION refugees being internally displaced (CNN source data). Compare that to the still horrible but not as large estimated "only" 100-300K people who have been killed in Darfur since 2003. The situation in Congo is so bad that Belgium, its "parent" colonial power, has largely reduced its economic ties because of "moral" sensibilities. In that same time China has become its largest trading partner and supporter having recently signed a $9 BILLION deal to build roads and rail to pull ore out of eastern Congo for export to China in exchange for a 68% stake in their vast mineral wealth. http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601081&sid=aW8xVLQ4Xhr8 http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=92074963

China was also a supporter of Robert Mugabe and his disasterous rule in Zimbabwe (including weapons for his military) until it finally came up with a tepid rebuke in response to international pressure. China (along with Russia) has stood in the way of placing more serious pressure on Myanmar which is another one of the worlds worst human rights abusers. And then there is China cozying up to Hugo Chavez and Venezuela and lending him diplomatic support in his war of words and influence versus the US. Its hard to find too many areas where China SUPPORTS anything we're trying to do in the world.

Just because we buy cheap products from China doesn't mean we at all like what they do. We also buy A LOT of oil from Venezuela. Are we crazy about them? A big portion of our oil comes from the Middle East and a certain portion of their profits from that find its way to support the very terrorist groups that oppose us. Do we normally think about that when we fill up our SUV's fuel tanks? Probably not, but those are the facts.

---------
JB,
Thanks for the correction. What you said was indeed what I meant to write. I whip these suckers off surprisingly quickly and I don't always catch my mistakes. The use of the term "shanghaiing" WAS deliberate and I thought it pretty funny too. As for Chinese MILITARY basing rights in Venezuela, I believe you that maybe they're being discussed. I'm less sure how far along or serious they may be at this point. Do you have any links to back up what you just wrote?

---------
Admin1,
Bringing this back to the topic of the stadium, the original post raised the question about CHINESE employment and financing practices surrounding their "donation" to the CR government and subsequent posts raised the related questions of their motivation and what they were seeking to get in return. I think what China has been doing in other countries is completely relevant to the topic because it sheds light on what their real motivation in CR might be and why we, as US citizens, should be a little concerned.


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PostPosted: Fri Jun 05, 2009 2:07 pm 
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Prolijo wrote:
Irish Drifter wrote:
... I don't understand this concern over what China gives to Costa Rica. No one got upset when the Taiwan government was giving CR money for various project. Mainland China is far and away more recognized as the legitimate China then Taiwan by an overwhelming majority of the worlds countries. CR saw the opportunity to help itself out by switching their recognition. The rest of Central America has stayed with Taiwan and are being rewarded with funding of various projects by the Taiwanese.

Remember dollar diplomacy in emerging countries was and is practiced by the United States and most other major powers. It was okay for the U.S. to support Venezuela but now it is a big no no for Russia to do it. Third World countries have and always will be available to the highest bidder.
.

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Taiwan is a good example. The US recognizes China as the "legitimate" MAINLAND China too, what we DON'T recognize is their sovereignty over the island nation of Taiwan. The fact that "far and away" the "overwhelming majority of the worlds countries" does, arguably has more to do with the fact that most countries place economic self-interest (the HUGE Chinese market and/or all the US dollars they have to invest) over principles (as has happened with CR). Taiwan is not a paragon of democracy and human rights, but it still has a much better record than China and its citizen's have spoken quite clearly that THEY don't recognize China's sovereignty over them.


Good, we agree that the legitimate government of China is the government currently in place and the one that the CR government decided to recognized, as due the majority of the worlds countries, rather then Taiwan. The fact that the U.S. government believes the status of Taiwan is a separate and legitimate government is one position. The second is that it is a breakaway province of mainland China not a separate nation. Unless the mainland Chinese decide to take measures to reunite Taiwan it is a question that will have various countries supporting one or the other position without much effect on the rest of the world. Unfortunately for the citizens of Taiwan, who understandably do not recognize China's soveriegnty over them, they will have little say in the final outcome if the mainland Chinese decide to act.

Prolijo wrote:
The Monroe Doctrine may be old but I don't see why that means it is no longer being applied. Wikipedia may not be the most authoritative source but it's article on the Monroe Doctrine talks specifically about its application during the Cuban Missle Crisis and, even more recently, during the Contra War in Nicaragua, an interventions in Guatemala, the Salvadoran Civil War and the invasion of Granada. In fact, our current Secretary of Defense (then CIA Director) Robert Gates vigorously defended the Contra operation, arguing that avoiding U.S. intervention in Nicaragua would be "totally to abandon the Monroe doctrine".


Normally I would not be willing to disagree with someone as eminent as Robert Gates. However, in this case I will since I feel that his comments made while Director of The Central Agency as somewhat suspect. Directors of the CIA, FBI, etc are Presidential appointees and they usually follow the administrations lead when speaking for the record. They may disagree and argue their position privately but not publicly.

When I was taught the Monroe Doctrine, many years ago :lol: , I seem to remember that it was aimed at foreign powers attempting to exert influence in the Western Hemisphere. In fact it was formulated because of the fear that Spain was going to attempt to retake it's former colonies in the region. The U.S. being a new nation without resources to combat such a move got the British, then a major naval power, to support the promulgation of "The Monroe Doctrine." The thinking being that Spain would not act knowing that the British Navy would act as the "policeman" to prevent Spain from seizing control of it's former colonies.

That leads to the situation in Cuba and Nicaragua. Both were civil wars directed at dictatorships that had if not the backing certainly the tacit support of the U.S. government. Neither was an attempt by a foreign power to exercise control of a country in the western hemisphere. The fact that the United States government did not agree with the type of government installed in these countries did not make them candidates for imposition of the Monroe Doctrine. The Cuban missile crisis, while perhaps could be a case for foreign intervention, was treated as a military threat to the United States and as far as I know the administration did not cite the Monroe Doctrine as it's reasoning for a naval blockade. Even if it did I think we safely say the action would have been taken even if the Monroe Doctrine had never existed.

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PostPosted: Fri Jun 05, 2009 3:31 pm 
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Irish Drifter wrote:
Good, we agree that the legitimate government of China is the government currently in place and the one that the CR government decided to recognized...
Not quite. I said "the legitimate government of MAINLAND China". All countries recognize the PRC as the de facto government of MAINLAND China. That was never the dispute. Many countries also recognize MAINLAND China's CLAIM over the island of Taiwan because they were either bought or bullied into doing so out of desire for good relations with MAINLAND China. CR decided to recognize that claim ONLY because MAINLAND China had more to offer them than Taiwan and that was part of the price for getting their "aid".

Irish Drifter wrote:
Normally I would not be willing to disagree with someone as eminent as Robert Gates. However, in this case I will since I feel that his comments made while Director of The Central Agency as somewhat suspect. Directors of the CIA, FBI, etc are Presidential appointees and they usually follow the administrations lead when speaking for the record. They may disagree and argue their position privately but not publicly
I don't at all see the relevance of your argument that Robert Gates didn't really believe what he was quoted as saying but was only saying it to follow his admistration's lead. What you just said was that the position he stated was the OFFICIAL position of his administration REGARDLESS of whether he really privately agreed with it or not. If that was the OFFICIAL position of the administration, and remember these activities in Central America were going on to one degree or another during BOTH the Carter and Reagan administrations, then the Monroe Doctrine still had application.

Irish Drifter wrote:
... That leads to the situation in Cuba and Nicaragua. Both were civil wars directed at dictatorships that had if not the backing certainly the tacit support of the U.S. government. Neither was an attempt by a foreign power to exercise control of a country in the western hemisphere. ...
Not quite. Both were civil wars directed at governments that had if not the backing certainly the tacit support of the U.S. government by armed guerrilla groups that had if not the backing certainly the tacit support of the USSR government. You can characterize it as popular movements overthrowing dictatorships which were corrupt and oppressive and thus unpopular, but the governments they ultimately replaced them with were either an equally corrupt and oppressive dictatorship itself or became so corrupt and ineffective that it also lost all popular support. Besides, if this were just a simple internal conflict as you suggest, I seriously doubt that the US would have really cared that much. These conflicts were going on at the height of the Cold War and US involvement was almost entirely about not allowing a soviet communist foothold in our hemisphere. What happened later during the Cuban Missle crisis clearly bore this out in Cuba.

Irish Drifter wrote:
... Cuban missile crisis, while perhaps could be a case for foreign intervention, was treated as a military threat to the United States and as far as I know the administration did not cite the Monroe Doctrine as it's reasoning for a naval blockade. Even if it did I think we safely say the action would have been taken even if the Monroe Doctrine had never existed.
That's right, the action would have been taken even if the Monroe Doctrine had never existed AND if that were the case we'd probably be calling the exact same policy the Kennedy Doctrine today. The fact is that Kennedy DID specifically cite the Monroe Doctrine in justifying his reaction:
Quote:
August 30: At a press conference, President Kennedy says the Monroe Doctrine means today what it meant to Presidents James Monroe and John Quincy Adams, that is, that the United States opposes all foreign intervention in the Western Hemisphere, specifically what is happening in Cuba.
(source: http://andromeda.rutgers.edu/~hbf/missile.htm)


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PostPosted: Fri Jun 05, 2009 4:03 pm 
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In deference to Admins desire to get back on track in this thread I will just point out two things and then drop out of the discussion.

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Many countries also recognize MAINLAND China's CLAIM over the island of Taiwan because they were either bought or bullied into doing so out of desire for good relations with MAINLAND China.


That is pure speculation on your part. You or most likely no one else can know the thinking and reasoning of EVERY country that supports mainland China.

Quote:
....armed guerrilla groups that had if not the backing certainly the tacit support of the USSR government.


Again speculation on your part. It is just as possible to speculate that the USSR became involved after the guerrillas had overthrown the dictatorships and an opportunity presented itself because the U.S. government refused to recognize the new governments of those countries.

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PostPosted: Fri Jun 05, 2009 5:40 pm 
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1) Maybe so, and we could debate the reasoning for all those other countries, but CR's motivations are what is really under debate here. And, at the very least, I find it to be a very curious coincidence that CR gets a bridge and recognizes and supports Taiwan and then they get a huge new stadium and they suddenly recognize and support China. (or the respective plans and statements are released within a very short time range of each other)

2) Maybe so, but again irrelevant. I KNOW the speculation (if that was what it was) on the part of the US that the USSR WAS supporting the socialist/communist leaning guerillas or, at the very least, stood to gain heavily in influence if they came to power was used as a basis for intervening against them. So, even if those speculations were dead wrong, the Monroe Doctrine was STILL the policy being implemented.

And, bringing it all back to our original discussion, whether the Monroe Doctrine is still in effect today or not, most of us as US citizens still look with concern, jealousy or suspicion when a rival world (economic) power, such as China, expands its influence in a region we consider "our own".


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PostPosted: Fri Jun 05, 2009 6:15 pm 
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Prolijo wrote:
1
2) Maybe so, but again irrelevant. I KNOW the speculation (if that was what it was) on the part of the US that the USSR WAS supporting the socialist/communist leaning guerillas or, at the very least, stood to gain heavily in influence if they came to power was used as a basis for intervening against them. So, even if those speculations were dead wrong, the Monroe Doctrine was STILL the policy being implemented.



Since you put it "I KNOW" I have to respond :lol: . I can not find a single reliable reference source that indicates the Castro revolution was anything other then a home grown one and his embracing the USSR and their assistance only occurred after he came to power. I would appreciate you citing your source that challenges that.

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PostPosted: Fri Jun 05, 2009 7:45 pm 
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In the case of Cuba I was referring to USSR support throughout the vast majority of the time SINCE the Cuban Revolution until the Soviets themselves fell in the 1980's. Perhaps I wasn't clear about that but the problem was with my use of the term guerillas instead of revolutionaries rather than the word KNOW. I was trying to find a collective term that would refer to both the Cubans and the Sandanistas. The Cuban Revolution in fact WAS home grown at the very beginning, but that doesn't mean it didn't have any Soviet support. Just as significantly, at that point, the US wasn't automatically opposed to it. IN FACT, despite our early support for Batista because of his support for the US, he wasn't particularly well-regarded in the US. And it was the US decision in March of 1958 to STOP propping up his regime by preventing the sales of rifles to his forces that enabled Castro's eventual victory in 1959. Shortly after that Castro even came to the US on a "charm offensive" (he even laid a wreath at the Lincoln Memorial). At that time he claimed ""I know the world thinks of us, we are Communists, and of course I have said very clear that we are not Communists; very clear." and soon after that the US RECOGNIZED the Cuban government.

The US only became seriously and increasingly concerned after Castro started nationalizing US owned industries and making other changes that aligned Cuba more strongly with the communist bloc. Soviet KGB military advisors were known to be in Cuba as early as September 1959. Eisenhower's decision to train and equip Cuban exiles to invade Cuba wasn't made until 6 months later in March 1960. And, by the time of the Bay of Pigs Invasion in April 1961, the poorly equipped exiles were facing Cuban troops which had been trained by the Eastern Bloc countries and equiped with Soviet-designed T-34 and IS-2 Stalin tanks and SU-100 self-propelled 'tank destroyers'. As we all know, that was followed up a year and a half later with nuclear missles. That doesn't happen so quickly with a country unless there was a lot of background support there earlier.

More to the point, everything that was going on geopolitically back in the 1950's and 60's, has to be seen through the prism of the Cold War which was in full force at the time. If a "home-grown" communist leaning force was about to take-over a country, there was little doubt who they'd naturally ally with. To suggest anything else is either being disengenuous or, if you forgive the term, obtuse :P The natural Soviet connection to Cuban Communists had everything to do with why we were so opposed to them throughout the entire period of the Cold War whether any FORMAL connection existed at the very very beginning or not.
==========

I suggest if you want to follow up this debate, we take it off line rather than continue to go off-topic. More to the original topic, I noticed you haven't disputed that at the very least, the spirit of the Monroe Doctrine, resentment of foreign influence in our backyard, has everything to do with why so many guys around here look with negativity and suspicion at the Chinese efforts in CR.


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PostPosted: Fri Jun 05, 2009 7:49 pm 
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http://books.google.com/books?id=hmdifp ... #PPA145,M1

here is an interesting link, page 145 mentions a costa rica company supplying weapons or inquiring on behalf of the then rebels.

but i guess we have strayed from the original post.

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PostPosted: Sat Jun 06, 2009 12:29 am 
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This is quite the most fascinating and informative Thread to appear here in quite a while, Admin1's plea notwithstanding.
No, Brother Prolijo, no specific reference to Chinese Latin ambitions in re: Venezuela. I have to believe it has or will be discussed in the Naval Institute Proceedings or Foreign Affairs--I don't have enough imagination to just think it up. The Chinese are building a "blue water" navy including scads of diesel submarines.
In re: the U. S. and Mainland China--Talk about a classic love-hate relationship! In the 21st Century it's going to be the US and the B/R/I/C countries paramount with all the rest (and yes, that includes the Euro zone) being vassals. The wild card is Brazil because they are self-sufficient and non-aligned, mostly (by which I mean not contiguous to the other major players, speaking in terms of continents.)
One last thing--Think about how the modern history of the Americas would be different if Sr. Castro had gotten that pitching contract with the NY Yankees.

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PostPosted: Sun Jun 07, 2009 2:51 am 
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A follow-up to long-term Chinese ambitions and the temporary thwarting thereof:
www.nytimes.com/2009/06/05/business/global/05mine.html
The Chinese Govt. has nearly-boundless ambitions because they have a nearly-boundless population that they wish to keep quelled from political changes. The main way to do this is to ply them with opportunities for consumer goods (GM sells more Buicks in China than in the US, for example).
NB--This article has a great picture of an Australian mining operation. You rock, OZ (Mel Gibson--not so much). BTW, he's cut the price of his Connecticut estate by $10 Million--messy divorce and all that...

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PostPosted: Sun Jun 07, 2009 1:22 pm 
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Irish Drifter wrote:
... I don't understand this concern over what China gives to Costa Rica. No one got upset when the Taiwan government was giving CR money for various project. Mainland China is far and away more recognized as the legitimate China then Taiwan by an overwhelming majority of the worlds countries. CR saw the opportunity to help itself out by switching their recognition. The rest of Central America has stayed with Taiwan and are being rewarded with funding of various projects by the Taiwanese.

Remember dollar diplomacy in emerging countries was and is practiced by the United States and most other major powers. It was okay for the U.S. to support Venezuela but now it is a big no no for Russia to do it. Third World countries have and always will be available to the highest bidder.
US aid to 3rd world countries may not be 100% benign, but comparing what democratic countries like the US or even Taiwan do to what other countries like China or Venezuela do with their so-called aid is like comparing apples and oranges. If the US adds strings to its aid packages it is as likely to be to pressure donee countries to clean up their act on human rights as it is anything else (not-withstanding the ridiculous anti-abortion, abstinenance stance of the Bush religious right era). Just check out this highly relevant article from Friday's AMCostaRica:

AMCostaRica wrote:
China, four others reported subverting democracy

A new report finds that five influential authoritarian states — China, Russia, Iran, Venezuela, and Pakistan — are actively undermining democracy within their borders and abroad. Their efforts to taint international development and subvert organizations that promote human rights are organized, sophisticated and well-resourced.

The report says they serve as models of authoritarianism for the 21st century, increasingly employing their own brand of soft power. Call it “Authoritarianism 2.0.”

The report contains implicaitons for Costa Rica because its new international partner, the People's Republic of China, is featured.

The report, titled "Undermining Democracy: 21st Century Authoritarians," was released by Freedom House, Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, and Radio Free Asia Thursday, the 20th anniversary of the 1989 Tiananmen Square crackdown in China. "Undermining Democracy" features analysis from prominent experts on the ways in which these five countries are preventing the emergence of an international system based on the rule of law, human rights, and free expression.

China, Iran, Pakistan, Russia, and Venezuela were selected due to their geopolitical importance, integration into broader economic, political, and security networks, and influence on international policymaking. Pakistan does not actively promote anti-democratic measures, but is included because of the weakness of its central government and its enabling of extremism at home and abroad, particularly in Afghanistan.

The report includes five key findings:

• Authoritarian foreign aid: By doling out billions of dollars in no-strings-attached foreign aid, these regimes are hobbling international efforts to improve governance and reduce corruption. China, for example, is now the largest lender to Africa, according to the World Bank.

• International organizations under siege: These regimes are actively disrupting the human rights and democracy work of international bodies such as the United Nations, the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe and the Organization of American States. These authoritarian states have created new institutions to counter organizations that promote human rights and accountable governance.

• Democracy redefined: Authoritarian regimes are tarnishing the public understanding of democracy by distorting its meaning at home in state-dominated media and abroad through well-financed international media ventures.

• Internet under growing threat: Authoritarians are using sophisticated and well-funded techniques to subvert legitimate online discourse, especially in China, Iran and Russia.

• Illiberal education: By either actively promoting or enabling the distortion of history through a nationalistic or extremist lens, authoritarian regimes are creating a new generation that is hostile toward democracy and suspicious of the outside world.

“This study helps explain the causes behind the global political recession that has emerged in recent years and frames the serious challenges facing the Obama administration” said Jennifer Windsor, Freedom House executive director.

Jeffrey Gedmin, president of Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, observed that “These authoritarian states are devoting enormous resources to manipulating news and information. Countries such as Russia and Iran are among the worst offenders in denying their own citizens access to information of political consequence.”

“Twenty years since the Tiananmen crackdown, China has modernized its strategy of suppression,” said Libby Liu, president of Radio Free Asia. “The sophistication of media management by the Chinese authorities, including market-based censorship combined with more traditional methods of intimidation, suggests a system that is both repressive and resilient.”

Of China, the report says: "It has become apparent in recent years that both Beijing and its authoritarian allies around the world see the Chinese system as a viable competitor to democracy. Terms such as democracy and human rights are retained in their lexicons, but they are redefined to serve authoritarian interests. Even in some democratic or recently democratic developing countries, including Thailand, the appeal of the China model has started to grow.

The Óscar Arias Sánchez administration has allied itself with China at the expense of democratic Taiwan and is accepting vast sums of the country's money. China is even building a new soccer stadium in Parque la Sabana with its own imported labor.

The report says that Chinese authorities have forged a multifaceted and increasingly sophisticated set of policies to undermine democratic development, policies that are comprehensive, encompassing the political, legal, social, and media spheres.

One of the tools China has used to expand its international influence and promote its model of governance is the fast-growing network of Confucius Institutes. The institutes, which provide instruction in Chinese language and culture, typically operate as partnerships between Chinese universities and a university in the host country, such as the Universidad de Costa Rica.

Some observers, according to the report, have raised concerns about the potential effects of Chinese state influence on academic freedom in the host countries. A set of draft guidelines for the institutes suggests that Chinese authorities would require them to comply with political directives on sensitive issues, such as Taiwan’s international status or historical inquiry related to persecuted ethnic and religious minorities, it said.

The Undermining Democracy overview essay, which includes key findings and project background, is available HERE!
(source: http://www.amcostarica.com/)


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